An Examination of the Interaction Between Modelling and Its Relationship with Construction Kits: Lessons from the Past and for the Future

Construction kits have played a significant part in nurturing the growth and development of the minds and manipulation-based skills of children (and adults) in formal and non-formal education settings. These kits have origins rooted in the representation of the built world and now have a diversity of form and function, including technical versions with moving parts. This article examines some of the historically based ideas that lie behind the role that kits may have in terms of physical modelling. The article traces the transformation of kits from simple bricks and blocks into more complicated pieces for space-filling and achieving the transfer of forces and motion. This transformation occurred during the Victorian era when the influence of the ideas of educationalists and, perhaps rather strangely, exponents of early aviation, played major roles in determining the diversity of forms of construction kit and modelled possibilities that are now to be seen in classrooms and homes. The article ends with a review of some of the lessons from the past and present that will need to be considered in relation to concrete modelling in schools for the future. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

西汉初期“与民休息”政策述论

西汉初期是我国农业经济迅速恢复并达到空前繁荣的时期,这与西汉初期统治集团采取了比较符合实际的"与民休息"的经济政策紧密相关。其时代背景主要是鉴于秦朝实行严刑峻法、横征暴敛政策而亡的历史教训,以及汉初经济崩溃、民生凋敝的实际状况。"与民休息"政策内容丰富,主要包括调整土地关系、赋予军功贵族免役特权、免部分官私奴婢为庶人、减免田税口算徭戍、崇尚节俭和轻刑慎罚等六个方面。"与民休息"的经济政策,将为我们今天解决"三农"问题,发展农业经济,建设社会主义新农村提供有益的借鉴。     

绩效与不足:建国初期农村信用合作社的借贷活动的历史考察——以鄂湘赣三省为中心

农村信用合作社是建国初期农村金融体系的重要组成部分，它的产生是新中国乡村借贷关系转型和现代化的标志之一。信用社借贷有利于农户的生产生活经营，推动了农村经济的恢复与发展，但其也存在一定的缺陷。     

水泥混凝土路面早期裂缝成因分析及防治对策

水泥混凝土路面是目前我国一种主要的高等级路面。但因为原材料、混凝土配合比、施工等因素的影响,水泥混凝土路面早期易产生裂缝。文章深入分析了水泥混凝土路面出现早期裂缝的主要原因,提出了防治早期裂缝的对策。     

The market’s view on the probability of banking sector failure: cross-country comparisons

Hall and Miles (1990) suggest an approach of estimating default probabilities of banks using stock market information, and in this paper we apply an aggregated version of their approach to banking sectors around the world in both developed and emerging economies. We study the market’s assessment of the probability of systemic banking crises world wide over the last decade, including the Asian crisis 1997–1998. In addition, we investigate whether there is a relationship between the failure probability and institutional features of the actual banking sector. The quality of governance and the degree of law and order in a country is found to be significantly negatively related to the market based failure probabilities as is an explicit deposit insurance during periods of crisis.     

基于顾客导向的物流企业风险预警

文中通过回顾企业风险预警管理相关文献,分析了物流企业风险形成主要影响因素,并结合物流企业运营特征,建立基于顾客导向的物流企业预警指标体系,运用灰关联分析方法评价物流企业顾客满意度,对物流企业的风险进行预警。     

基于Web和数据仓库的房地产市场预警预报系统研究

介绍了基于Web和数据仓库的房地产市场预警预报系统的体系结构，探索设计了房地产市场预警预报系统的技术与方法，并提出了基于Web和数据仓库的房地产市场预警预报系统的完整解决方案。     

晚清民初上海文人的经济生活与身份转型——以王韬、包天笑为例

近代上海城市的发展，把一批传统士人卷了进来，中国文人由此开始走出延续千百年的仕途经济，走向近代城市的分工体系和独立职业空间。作为晚清上海初始城市化的亲历者，王韬在文化心理和经济生活两方面，经历了一场由“士人”转向城市职业者的艰难蜕变。而生活于清末民初上海的包天笑，则以明确的职业归属感，取代了传统士人的仕宦情结，中国文人至此初步完成了由传统政教依附者向近代独立文化人的转型。     

一种适用于高铁沿线的多台站快速地震预警方法

对于地震预警技术来说,根据参与监测预警的台站数量不同,可以将高速铁路地震监测预警系统分为单台站地震P波预警技术和多台站地震P波预警技术。单台站P波预警由于信息量较少以及噪声影响,在定位方面存在较大误差。多台站P波预警技术是在单台站P波预警的基础之上,综合多个单台站信息进行综合震源参数估算并发出地震预警信息的预警方式。通过应用多台站P波预警定位技术,能够在震源估算方面得到更准确的结果。     

构建旅游景气指数体系及预警机制的探讨--以杭州市为例

伴随着国民经济的发展,我国国内旅游发展迅速,被称为“国民经济提升的催化剂”。然而受到旅游业市场规模、国内外政治经济环境、生态环境以及一些不可抗力(如新冠疫情)等多方面影响,旅游行业很有必要建立一套景气指标体系,从而预测旅游业的经济走向,提供预警功能,以保证旅游业平稳有序发展。